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User-manual: Dive planner text
I took Robert's contribution describing the dive planner and expanded it a bit, added two more graphics to show CCR and pSCR dive planning, and changed a third image. Moved the section dealing with configuring a dive computer to be in a more logical place, just before the Subsurface Settings. Signed-off-by: willem ferguson <willemferguson@zoology.up.ac.za> Signed-off-by: Dirk Hohndel <dirk@hohndel.org>
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@ -2545,6 +2545,37 @@ the output for one particular page.
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image::images/Printpreview.jpg["FIGURE: Print preview page",align="center"]
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[[S_Configure]]
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== Configuring a dive computer
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_Subsurface_ enables one to configure a dive computer. Currently the Heinrichs-Weikamp (OSTC 2, OSTC 3) and
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Suunto Vyper (Stinger, Mosquito, D3, Vyper, Vytec,
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Cobra, Gekko and Zoop) family of dive computers are supported. A large number of settings of these dive computers
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can be read and changed to different values. As a first step, ensure that the appropriate hardware driver
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is installed for the dive computer and that the device name of the dive computer is known.
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See <<_appendix_a_operating_system_specific_information_for_importing_dive_information_from_a_dive_computer,APPENDIX A>> for information on how to do this.
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Once the dive computer is connected to the _Subsurface_ computer, select _File -> Configure dive
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computer_ from the _Main Menu_. Provide the appropriate device name in the text box at the
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top of the configuration panel that opens and select the appropriate dive
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computer model from the panel on the lefthand (see image below).
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image::images/Configure_dc_f20.jpg["FIGURE: Configure dive computer",align="center"]
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Using the appropriate buttons on the configuration panel, the following actions can be performed:
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- *Retrieve available details*. This loads the existing configuration from the dive computer
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to _Subsurface_, showing this in the configuration panel.
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- *Save changes to device*. This changes the configuration of the
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dive computer to correspond to the information shown in the configuration panel.
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- *Backup*. This saves the configuration data to a file. _Subsurface_ asks for
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a file location and file name for the saved information.
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- *Restore backup*. This loads the information from a backup file and displays it
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in the configuration panel.
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- *Update firmware*. If new firmware is available for the dive computer, this is
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loaded into the dive computer.
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[[S_Preferences]]
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== Setting user _Preferences_ for _Subsurface_
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@ -2701,6 +2732,7 @@ be provided. If the proxy server uses authentication, the appropriate userID and
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password also needs to be provided so that _Subsurface_ can automatically pass
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through the proxy server to access the Internet.
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[[S_DivePlanner]]
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== The _Subsurface_ dive planner
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Dive planning is an advanced feature of _Subsurface_, accessible by selecting
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@ -2745,16 +2777,14 @@ any warning messages about the dive plan are printed.
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image::images/PlannerWindow1_f20.jpg["FIGURE: Dive planner startup window",align="center"]
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=== Initiating dive planning
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=== Open circuit dives as an example of dive planning
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The dive planner comprises two parts: *constructing a dive plan* and *evaluating*
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that dive plan. To perform dive planning, perform these steps:
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- Towards the left bottom of the planner (circled in blue in the image below) is a dropbox with three options. Select the appropriate one of these:
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** Open Circuit (the default)
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** CCR
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** pSCR
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- Clear the existing dive log by creating a new planning log. This is achieved by selecting
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_File -> New logbook_ from the main menu. This way, dive plans are kept separate
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from the existing dive log of completed dives.
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- In the top left-hand area of the screen, ensure that the constant dive parameters are
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- In the top left-hand area of the planning screen, ensure that the constant dive parameters are
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appropriate. These are: Start date and time of the dive, Atmospheric Pressure and Altitude
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above sea level of the dive site. The atmospheric pressure can also be entered as an altitude
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in metres, assuming an atmospheric pressure of 1.013 bar.
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@ -2764,35 +2794,33 @@ that dive plan. To perform dive planning, perform these steps:
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<<S_CylinderData,providing cylinder data for dive logs>>. Choose the cylinder type by
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double clicking the cylinder type and using the dropdown list, then specify the work
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pressure of this cylinder. By leaving the oxygen concentration (O2%) filed empty,
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the dive gas is assumed to be air. Otherwise enter the oxygen and/or helium
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the cylinder is assumed to contain air. Otherwise enter the oxygen and/or helium
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concentration in the boxes provided in this dialogue. Add additional cylinders by using the
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"+" icon to the top righthand of the dialogue.
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- The dialogue indicating _Dive Planner Points_ is usually not used at this stage of the dive
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planning.
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=== Managing nitrogen, oxygen and gas consumption
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The planning is performed in three stages:
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*The planning is performed in three stages*
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*a) Nitrogen management*: This is performed by specifying the rates for descent and ascent,
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as well as the gradient factors (GFLow and GFHigh) under the headings _Rates_ and _Planning_
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to the bottom left of the planning screen. Initially, the GFHigh and GFLow values in the _Preferences_
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panel of _Subsurface_ is used. If these are changed within the planner (see _Gas Options_ within
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the planner), the new values are
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used without changing the original specifications in the _Preferences_. Gradient Factor settings strongly affect the calculated ceilings and their depths.
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used without changing the original values in the _Preferences_. Gradient Factor settings strongly affect the calculated ceilings and their depths.
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A very low GFLow value brings about decompression stops early on during the dive.
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** For more information about Gradient factors, see the section on xref:S_GradientFactors[Gradient Factor Preference settings].
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For more information external to this manual see:
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*** link:http://www.tek-dive.com/portal/upload/M-Values.pdf[Understanding M-values by Erik Baker, _Immersed_ Vol. 3, No. 3.]
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*** link:http://www.rebreatherworld.com/general-and-new-to-rebreather-articles/5037-gradient-factors-for-dummies.html[Gradient factors for dummies, by Kevin Watts]
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*** link:http://www.amazon.com/Deco-Divers-Decompression-Theory-Physiology/dp/1905492073/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1403932320&sr=1-1&keywords=deco+for+divers[_Deco for Divers_, by Mark Powell (2008). Aquapress] Southend-on-Sea, UK. ISBN 10: 1-905492-07-3.
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* link:http://www.tek-dive.com/portal/upload/M-Values.pdf[Understanding M-values by Erik Baker, _Immersed_ Vol. 3, No. 3.]
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* link:http://www.rebreatherworld.com/general-and-new-to-rebreather-articles/5037-gradient-factors-for-dummies.html[Gradient factors for dummies, by Kevin Watts]
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* link:http://www.amazon.com/Deco-Divers-Decompression-Theory-Physiology/dp/1905492073/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1403932320&sr=1-1&keywords=deco+for+divers[_Deco for Divers_, by Mark Powell (2008). Aquapress] Southend-on-Sea, UK. ISBN 10: 1-905492-07-3.
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An excellent non-technical review.
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** The ascent rate is critical for nitrogen off-gassing at the end of the dive and is specified
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The ascent rate is critical for nitrogen off-gassing at the end of the dive and is specified
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for several depth ranges, utilising the average (or mean) depth as a yardstick. The mean depth
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of the dive plan is indicated on the dive profile in the green panel of the dive planner. Ascent rates
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of the dive plan is indicated by a light grey line on the dive profile. Ascent rates
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at deeper levels are often in the range of 8-12 m/min, while ascent rates near the surface are
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often in the range of 4-9 m/min. The descent rate is also specified. If the option _Drop to first depth_
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is activated, then the descent phase of the planned dive will be at the maximal descent rate specified
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@ -2806,19 +2834,18 @@ The most commonly
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used values are 1.4 bar for the bottom part of the dive and 1.6 bar for any decompression
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stages. Normally, a partial pressure of 1.6 bar is not exceeded. PO2 settings and the depth at which switching to a gas takes place can also be edited in the
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_Available Gases_ dialog. Normally the planner decides on switching to a new gas when, during
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ascent, the partial pressure of the new gas has decreased to 1.6 bar.
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ascent, the partial pressure of the new gas has increased to 1.6 bar.
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*c) Gas management*: One needs keep within the limits of the amount of gas contained in the dive
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cylinder(s), allowing for an appropriate margin for safe return to the surface, possibly
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*c) Gas management*: With open-circuit dives this is a primary consideration. One needs to keep within the limits of the amount of gas within the dive
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cylinder(s), allowing for an appropriate margin for a safe return to the surface, possibly
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sharing with a buddy. Under the _Gas Options_ heading, specify the best (but conservative) estimate
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of your surface-equivalent air consumption (SAC, also termed RMV) in
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litres/min (for the time being, only SI units are supported). Specify the SAC during the
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bottom part of the dive (_bottom SAC_) as well as during the decompression or safety stops of the
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dive (_deco SAC_). Values of 20-30 l/min are common. For good gas management, a thumbsuck guess
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dive (_deco SAC_). Values of 15-30 l/min are common. For good gas management, a thumbsuck guess
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is not sufficient and one needs to
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monitor one's gas consumption on a regular basis, dependent on different dive conditions and/or equipment.
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The planner will calculate the total volume of gas used during the dive and will issue a warning
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The planner calculates the total volume of gas used during the dive and issues a warning
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if one exceeds the total amount of gas available. Good practice demands that one does not dive to
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the limit of the gas supply but that an appropriate reserve is kept for unforeseen circumstances.
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For technical diving, this reserve can be up to 66% of the total available gas.
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@ -2826,19 +2853,19 @@ For technical diving, this reserve can be up to 66% of the total available gas.
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Now (at last) one can start the detailed time-depth planning of the dive. _Subsurface_ offers a unique
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graphical interface for performing this part of the planning. The mechanics of doing this is
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similar to hand-entering a dive profile in the dive log part of _Subsurface_. Upon activating the
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planner, a default dive of depth 15 m for 40 min is offered in the green design surface to the top
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planner, a default dive of depth 15 m for 40 min is offered in the bue design surface to the top
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right hand of the screen. The white dots (waypoints) on the
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profile can be dragged with a mouse. Create more waypoints by double-clicking on the profile
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line and ensuring that the profile reflects the intended dive. Drag the waypoints to represent
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the depth and duration of the dive.
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the depth and duration of the dive. It is NOt necessary to specify the ascent part of the dive
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since the planner calculates this, based on the settings that have been specified.
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If any of the management limits (for nitrogen, oxygen or gas) is exceeded, the surface
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above the dive profile changes from BLUE to RED.
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Each waypoint on the dive profile creates a _Dive Planner Point_ in the table on the
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left of the dive planner panel. Ensure that the _Used Gas_ value in each row
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of that table corresponds to one of the gas mixtures specified in the table with
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_Available Gases_ immediately above the Dive Planner Points. Add new waypoints
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until the main features of the dive have been completed, e.g. the
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of that table corresponds to one of the gas mixtures specified in the _Available Gases_ table.
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Add new waypoints until the main features of the dive have been completed, e.g. the
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bottom time segment and deep stops (if these are implemented). Leave the remaining
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waypoints on the ascent to _Subsurface_. In most cases _Subsurface_
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computes additional way points in order to fulfil decompression requirements for that
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@ -2870,10 +2897,10 @@ and using the settings as described above.
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image::images/DivePlanner2_f20.jpg["FIGURE: Planning a dive: setup",align="center"]
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Once the above has been completed, one can save it by clicking the _Save_ button
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towards the bottom left of the green design panel. The saved dive plan will appear
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towards the top middle of the planner. The saved dive plan will appear
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in the *Dive List* panel of _Subsurface_.
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=== The dive plan details
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*The dive plan details*
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On the bottom right of the dive planner, under _Dive Plan Details_, the exact details
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of the dive plan are provided. These details may be modified by checking any of the
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@ -2888,24 +2915,48 @@ level is indicated in the _Dive Plan Details_. This duration INCLUDES the transi
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time to get to that level. However, if the _Display transition in deco_ option is checked,
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the transitions are shown separately from the segment durations at a particular level.
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=== Planning rebreather dives
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=== Planning CCR dives
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To plan a dive using a passive semi-closed rebreather (pSCR), select "pSCR" rather than
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"Open circuit" in the Planning tab. This takes the oxygen drop in the rebreather into account.
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The parameters of the pSCR can be set in the preferences in the Graph tab. A warning apears
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in the dive plan details, if the pO~2~ drops below what is considered a save value. For pSCR dives,
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the gas consumption calculation takes into account the pSCR ratio (default 10:1).
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To plan a dive using a closed circuit rebreather, select the _CCR_ option in the dropdown
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list, circled in blue in the image below.
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To plan a dive using a closed circuit rebreather (CCR), select the "CCR" option in the PLannig tab.
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This makes all user entered segments use the default setpoint value (configured in the Preferences
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in the Graph tab). The gases from the gas list are considered to be diluent gases (the oxygen tank is
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implicitely assumed to be present).
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*Available gases*: In the _Available gases_ table, enter the cylinder information for the
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diluent cylinder and for any bail-out cylinders. Do NOT enter the information for the oxygen
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cylinder since it is implied when the _CCR_ dropdown selection is made.
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Then, individual setpoints can be set for dive segments in the "Dive planner points" table. A zero setpoint
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*Entering setpoints*: Specify a default setpoint in the Preferences tab, by selecting _File -> Preferences -> Graph_ from the main menu. All user-entered segments in the _Dive planner points_ table
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use the default setpoint value. Then, different setpoints can be specified for dive segments
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in the _Dive planner points_ table. A zero setpoint
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means the diver bails out to open circuit mode for that segment. The decompression is always calculated
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with the setpoint of the last manually entered segment. So, to plan an bail out ascent for a
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CCR dive, add a one minute dive segment in the end with a setpoint value of 0. The decompresseion
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algorithm does not switch decogases automatically in CCR mode (but of course for bail out ascents).
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using the setpoint of the last manually entered segment. So, to plan a bail out ascent for a
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CCR dive, add a one-minute dive segment to the end with a setpoint value of 0. The decompression
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algorithm does not switch deco-gases automatically while in CCR mode (i.e. when a positive setpoint is specified) but, of course, this is calculated for bail out ascents.
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The dive profile for a CCR dive may look something like the image below.
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image::images/Planner_CCR1_f20.jpg["FIGURE: Planning a CCR dive: setup",align="center"]
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Note that, in the _Dive plan details_, the gas consumption for a CCR segment is not calculated,
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so gas consumptions of 0 litres are the norm.
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=== Planning pSCR dives
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To plan a dive using a passive semi-closed rebreather (pSCR), select _pSCR_ rather than
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_Open circuit_ in the dropdown list.
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The parameters of the pSCR diver can be set by selecting _File -> Preferences -> Graph_
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from the main menu, where the gas consumption calculation takes into account the pSCR dump
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ratio (default 10:1) as well as the metabolism rate. The calculation also takes the oxygen drop
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accross the mouthpiece of the rebreather into account. If the
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pO~2~ drops below what is considered a save value, a warning apears in the _Dive plan
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details_. A typical pSCR configuration is with a single cylinder and one or more bail-out
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cylinders. Therefore the setup of the _Available gases_ and the _Dive planner points_ tables
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are very similar to that of a CCR dive plan, described above. However, no oxygen setpoints
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are specified for pSCR dives. Below is a dive plan for a pSCR dive. The dive is comparable
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to that of the CCR dive above, but note the longer ascent duration due to the lower oxygen
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in the loop due to the oxygen drop accross the mouthpiece of the pSCR equipment.
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image::images/Planner_pSCR1_f20.jpg["FIGURE: Planning a pSCR dive: setup",align="center"]
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[[S_Replan]]
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=== Modifying an existing dive plan
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@ -2957,36 +3008,6 @@ accessed in the same way as during the planning process. The only way to print t
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dive plan is to use the _File -> Print_ facility on the main menu in the
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same way as for dive logs or by copy and paste to a word processor.
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[[S_Configure]]
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== Configuring a dive computer
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_Subsurface_ enables one to configure a dive computer. Currently the Heinrichs-Weikamp (OSTC 2, OSTC 3) and
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Suunto Vyper (Stinger, Mosquito, D3, Vyper, Vytec,
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Cobra, Gekko and Zoop) family of dive computers are supported. A large number of settings of these dive computers
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can be read and changed to different values. As a first step, ensure that the appropriate hardware driver
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is installed for the dive computer and that the device name of the dive computer is known.
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See <<_appendix_a_operating_system_specific_information_for_importing_dive_information_from_a_dive_computer,APPENDIX A>> for information on how to do this.
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Once the dive computer is connected to the _Subsurface_ computer, select _File -> Configure dive
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computer_ from the _Main Menu_. Provide the appropriate device name in the text box at the
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top of the configuration panel that opens and select the appropriate dive
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computer model from the panel on the lefthand (see image below).
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image::images/Configure_dc_f20.jpg["FIGURE: Configure dive computer",align="center"]
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Using the appropriate buttons on the configuration panel, the following actions can be performed:
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- *Retrieve available details*. This loads the existing configuration from the dive computer
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to _Subsurface_, showing this in the configuration panel.
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- *Save changes to device*. This changes the configuration of the
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dive computer to correspond to the information shown in the configuration panel.
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- *Backup*. This saves the configuration data to a file. _Subsurface_ asks for
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a file location and file name for the saved information.
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- *Restore backup*. This loads the information from a backup file and displays it
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in the configuration panel.
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- *Update firmware*. If new firmware is available for the dive computer, this is
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loaded into the dive computer.
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== Description of the Subsurface Main Menu items
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This section describes the functions and operation of the items in the Main Menu
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