CICD: Improve Workflows.

Make multiple improvements to the existing workflows:
- create a shared custom action to deal with version number tracking
  and generation;
- use this action to add the branch name to the version for pull
  request builds;
- create a shared workflow for all debian-ish builds to avoid re-use
  by copy / paste;
- remove potential security risks by eliminating the use of
  pre-evaluated expressions (`${{ ... }}`) inside scripts;
- update outdated GitHub action versions;
- improve the consistency by renaming scripts acording to have a `.sh`
  extension;
- improve naming of generated artefacts for pull requests to include
  the correct version.

@dirkh: Unfortunately this is potentially going to break builds when it is
merged, as there is no good way to 'test' a merge build short of
merging.
We'll just have to deal with the fallout of it in a follow-up pull
request.

Signed-off-by: Michael Keller <github@ike.ch>

.github/workflows/codeql-analysis.yml

@@ -25,15 +25,14 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         # Override automatic language detection by changing the below list
         # Supported options are ['csharp', 'cpp', 'go', 'java', 'javascript', 'python']
-        language: ['cpp', 'javascript']
+        language: ['c-cpp', 'javascript-typescript']
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout repository
       uses: actions/checkout@v4
       with:
-        # We must fetch at least the immediate parents so that if this is
-        # a pull request then we can checkout the head.
-        fetch-depth: 2
+        fetch-depth: 0
+        submodules: recursive
 
     - name: get container ready for build
       run: |
@@ -51,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
 
     # Initializes the CodeQL tools for scanning.
     - name: Initialize CodeQL
-      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/init@v3
       with:
         languages: ${{ matrix.language }}
         # If you wish to specify custom queries, you can do so here or in a config file.
@@ -60,13 +59,11 @@ jobs:
         # queries: ./path/to/local/query, your-org/your-repo/queries@main
 
     - name: Build
-      env:
-         SUBSURFACE_REPO_PATH: ${{ github.workspace }}
       run: |
         cd ..
-        git config --global --add safe.directory ${SUBSURFACE_REPO_PATH}
-        git config --global --add safe.directory ${SUBSURFACE_REPO_PATH}/libdivecomputer
+        git config --global --add safe.directory $GITHUB_WORKSPACE
+        git config --global --add safe.directory $GITHUB_WORKSPACE/libdivecomputer
         bash -e -x subsurface/scripts/build.sh -desktop -build-with-webkit
 
     - name: Perform CodeQL Analysis
-      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v2
+      uses: github/codeql-action/analyze@v3